前言

安全性是所有數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的一個重要特征。理解安全性問題是理解數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)安全性機制的前提。

最近和同事在做數(shù)據(jù)庫權(quán)限清理的事情，主要是刪除一些賬號；取消一些賬號的較大的權(quán)限等，例如，有一些有db_owner權(quán)限，我們?nèi)∠~號的數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_owner，授予最低要求的相關權(quán)限。但是這種工作完全是一個體力活，而且是吃力不討好，而且推進很慢。另外，為了管理方便和細化，我們又在常用的數(shù)據(jù)庫角色外，新增了6個通用的數(shù)據(jù)庫角色。

如下截圖所示。

另外，為了減少授權(quán)工作量和一些重復的體力活，我們創(chuàng)建了一個作業(yè)，每天定期執(zhí)行一個存儲過程db_common_role_grant_rigths，這個存儲過程的邏輯如下：

    1：遍歷所有用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫（排除了系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫以及一些特殊數(shù)據(jù)庫），發(fā)現(xiàn)該數(shù)據(jù)庫不存在這些通用數(shù)據(jù)庫角色，那么就創(chuàng)建相關數(shù)據(jù)庫角色。

    2：遍歷所有用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫，為相關數(shù)據(jù)庫角色授權(quán)，例如，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)某個新增的存儲過程，沒有授權(quán)給db_procedure_execute數(shù)據(jù)庫角色。那么就執(zhí)行授權(quán)操作。

當然目前還在測試、應用階段，以后會根據(jù)具體相關需求，不斷完善相關功能。

–==================================================================================================================
— ScriptName : db_common_role_grant_rigths.sql
— Author : 瀟湘隱者
— CreateDate : 2018-09-13
— Description : 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_procedure_execute等，并授予相關權(quán)限給角色。
— Note :
/******************************************************************************************************************
Parameters : 參數(shù)說明
********************************************************************************************************************
@RoleName : 角色名
********************************************************************************************************************
Modified Date Modified User Version Modified Reason
********************************************************************************************************************
2018-09-12 瀟湘隱者 V01.00.00 新建該腳本。
2018-09-12 瀟湘隱者 V01.00.01 注意@@ROWCOUNT的生效范圍;解決循環(huán)邏輯問題。
2018-09-26 瀟湘隱者 V01.00.02 修正類型為FT(CLR_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION)的函數(shù)問題。程序集 (CLR) 表值函數(shù)
*******************************************************************************************************************/
–===================================================================================================================
USE YourSQLDba;
GO

IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.procedures WHERE type=’P’ AND name=’db_common_role_grant_rigths’)
BEGIN
DROP PROCEDURE Maint.db_common_role_grant_rigths;
END
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE Maint.db_common_role_grant_rigths
AS
BEGIN

DECLARE @database_id INT;
DECLARE @database_name sysname;
DECLARE @cmdText NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @prc_text NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @RowIndex INT;

IF OBJECT_ID(‘TempDB.dbo.#databases’) IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.#databases;

CREATE TABLE #databases
(
database_id INT,
database_name sysname
)

IF OBJECT_ID(‘TempDB.dbo.#sql_text’) IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.#sql_text;

CREATE TABLE #sql_text
(
sql_id INT IDENTITY(1,1),
sql_cmd NVARCHAR(MAX)
)

INSERT INTO #databases
SELECT database_id ,
name
FROM sys.databases
WHERE name NOT IN ( ‘master’, ‘tempdb’, ‘model’, ‘msdb’,
‘distribution’, ‘ReportServer’,
‘ReportServerTempDB’, ‘YourSQLDba’ )
AND state = 0; –state_desc=ONLINE

–開始循環(huán)每一個用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫（排除了上面相關數(shù)據(jù)庫）
WHILE 1= 1
BEGIN

SELECT TOP 1 @database_name= database_name
FROM #databases
ORDER BY database_id;

IF @@ROWCOUNT =0
BREAK;

–PRINT(@database_name);

— SP_EXECUTESQL 中切換數(shù)據(jù)庫不能當參數(shù)傳入。

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_procedure_execute
SET @cmdText = ‘USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’ +CHAR(10)

SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_procedure_execute”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_procedure_execute] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END ‘ + CHAR(10);

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_function_execute
SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_function_execute”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_function_execute] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END’ + CHAR(10);

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_view_table_definition
SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_view_table_definition”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_view_table_definition] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END ‘ + CHAR(10);

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_view_view_definition
SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_view_view_definition”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_view_view_definition] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END ‘ + CHAR(10);

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_view_procedure_definition
SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_view_procedure_definition”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_view_procedure_definition] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END ‘ + CHAR(10);

–創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫角色db_view_function_definition
SELECT @cmdText += ‘IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.database_principals WHERE name =”db_view_function_definition”)
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE [db_view_function_definition] AUTHORIZATION [dbo];
END ‘ + CHAR(10);

–PRINT @cmdText;
— EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;
EXECUTE (@cmdText);

–給角色db_procedure_execute授權(quán)

SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + ‘;’

SET @cmdText +=’INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT EXECUTE ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.”
+ QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_procedure_execute;”
FROM sys.procedures s
WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_procedure_execute”))’;
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

–給角色db_function_execute(標量函數(shù)授權(quán))

SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + ‘;’

SET @cmdText += ‘INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT EXEC ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.” + QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_function_execute; ”
FROM sys.all_objects s
WHERE SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) NOT IN (”sys”, ”INFORMATION_SCHEMA”)
AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id =USER_ID(”db_function_execute”) )
AND ( s.[type] = ”FN”
OR s.[type] = ”AF”
OR s.[type] = ”FS”
–OR s.[type] = ”FT”
) ;’
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

–給角色db_function_execute(表值函數(shù)授權(quán))
SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’

SET @cmdText += ‘INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT SELECT ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.” + QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_function_execute;”
FROM sys.all_objects s
WHERE SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) NOT IN (”sys”, ”INFORMATION_SCHEMA”)
AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_function_execute”))
AND ( s.[type] = ”TF”
OR s.[type] = ”IF”
) ; ‘

EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

–查看存儲過程定義授權(quán)
SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’

SET @cmdText +=’ INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.”
+ QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_view_procedure_definition;”
FROM sys.procedures s
WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_view_procedure_definition”))’

EXECUTE(@cmdText);

–查看函數(shù)定義的授權(quán)
SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’

SELECT @cmdText += ‘INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.”
+ QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_view_function_definition;”
FROM sys.objects s
WHERE type_desc IN (”SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION”, ”SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION”,
”AGGREGATE_FUNCTION” )
AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_view_function_definition”))’;

EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

–查看表定義的授權(quán)
SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’

SET @cmdText +=’INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.”
+ QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_view_table_definition ;”
FROM sys.tables s
WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_view_table_definition”))’;

EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

–查看視圖定義的授權(quán)
SET @cmdText =’USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘;’

SET @cmdText +=’INSERT INTO #sql_text(sql_cmd)
SELECT ”GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON ” + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + ”.”
+ QUOTENAME(name) + ” TO db_view_view_definition; ”
FROM sys.views s
WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.database_permissions p
WHERE p.major_id = s.object_id
AND p.grantee_principal_id = USER_ID(”db_view_view_definition”))’;

EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;

WHILE 1= 1
BEGIN

SELECT TOP 1 @RowIndex=sql_id, @cmdText = ‘USE ‘ + @database_name + ‘; ‘+ sql_cmd FROM #sql_text ORDER BY sql_id;

IF @@ROWCOUNT =0
BREAK;

PRINT(@cmdText);
EXECUTE(@cmdText);

DELETE FROM #sql_text WHERE sql_id =@RowIndex

END

DELETE FROM #databases WHERE database_name=@database_name;
END

DROP TABLE #databases;
DROP TABLE #sql_text;

END